Introduction to the Traditionl Latin Mass

This topic is so huge, so wondrous, it's hard to know where to begin, so I'll guess I'll start with explaining what the Church teaches about the Sacrifice of the Mass and about the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist:

All Christians agree that Jesus Christ is a High Priest, a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek (Hebrews 6:17-20) and that we are members of His royal priesthood, "the priesthood of believers," as Protestants say (1 Peter 2:9-10, Revelation 1:6, Revelation 5:10 , Revelation 20:6). And Catholics, Orthodox, and a few Protestants know that there is an ordained priesthood (the Greek word for "elder" is "presbuteros," which became "presbyter" in Latin and "priest" in English. So whenever you see "elder" in the New Testament, see the word "priest"!). In all these cases, the word "priesthood" entails "sacrifice" as sacrifice is what priests do. The question becomes, then, what is being offered by each kind of priest? The answer is found by looking at how the Old Testament sacrifices prefigure and culminate in the New Testament once and for all time perfect sacrifice made by Jesus Christ on that one day (by Jewish reckoning) from sunset Holy Thursday to sunset Good Friday.

Old Testament Sacrifices

Then the Bible is again silent about Melchizedek until the Book of Hebrews, which tells us that Our Lord is a priest after the order of Melchizedek forever and, in Hebrews 7:11-12, that " If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it the people received the law,) what further need was there that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be called after the order of Aaron? For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law." Here we can see that the priesthood still exists -- but it is changed and is now after the order of Melchizedek. We know that Melchizedek offered bread and wine. We know that the offering will be pure!

Now let's back up again and see more of how the Old Testament prefigures the Eucharist:

The offering was to be flour mixed with oil, and it was to be offered with wine.

Thanksgiving Offerings, or "Korban Todah"

Another type of Old Testament Korban (or quorban), i.e., "offering," is the thanksgiving offering or "todah," a form of Zebach Sh'lamim ("peace offering") which was initiated in Leviticus 7:11-15:

The Red Heifer

After Melchizedek, one of the most enigmatic phenomena of the Old Testament involves the sacrifice of the red heifer, described in Numbers 19. Outside the city -- and this was the only sacrifice to be made outside the city -- a perfect, unblemished, never-been-yoked red heifer was to have its blood sprinkled seven times in front of the tabernacle, and its body burned along with cedar wood, hyssop, and scarlet, in front of the priest. Then the ashes were to be mixed with pure water and sprinkled over those who are impure because of contact with the dead and for the purpose of purification from sin (Numbers 19:9).

Christ's Once and For All Historical Sacrifice
Brings Together all the Old Testament Korbanot

All of these Old Testament sacrifices were infeffectual in the eternal sense, but they prefigure the New Testament Sacrifice instituted by Christ from Maundy Thursday (the day before Good Friday) to His Crucifixion -- actually the same day by Jewish reckoning, from sunset to sunset. Recalling the Korban Pesach, He'd told his disciples beforehand that they must eat His flesh and drink His blood. That He was understood to mean this literally is obvious when one reads that people were offended, disgusted, when they heard Him say so! They were so revolted, that many walked away -- but Jesus didn't stop them and clarify, "You idiots, you misunderstand! I speak in spiritual terms and am not talking literally!" No. What He did was let them go:

"In every place..." How can there be predicted pure sacrifice in every place in the New Covenant if Protestant theology is true, if Christ's once and for all Sacrifice is not to be re-presented as it is at the Catholic Mass?

In Jerome's (A.D. 340-420) Vulgate, the word that the King James Bible renders "incense" is "sacrificatur," and "offering" is rendered "oblatio." Where in your faith community's worship is incense, let alone, as the true translation reads, sacrifice offered? Most importantly, where is this pure oblation? I've heard Protestants explain this away by saying that Malachi was speaking about "spiritual offerings," but I challenge them to defend their own purity, especially in light of the Calvinist theology of "utter depravity," and Luther's thoughts on our goodness which can be summarized by quoting his, "Be a sinner and sin on bravely, but have stronger faith and rejoice in Christ, who is the victory of sin, death, and the world. Do not for a moment imagine that this life is the abiding place of justice: sin must be committed...sin cannot tear you away from Him, even though you commit adultery a hundred times a day and commit as many murders." Luther and Calvin, the Father and Prince of Protestantism, viewed man as anything but capable of offering God anything pure!

Protester, where are this incense and pure oblation offered? This sacrifice is prophecied! Where is it? Are your grape juice and saltines a "pure offering"? Are they pure in themselves? Or do your undoubtedly good intentions and personal holiness make them pure? Are they an offering worthy of God Almighty?

We Catholics believe that God is the only One able to offer something pure enough to please Him -- His Son! At the Mass, the bread and wine become Christ by the power of Christ. And it is God the Son -- not bread or wine, or grape juice and saltines -- Who is offered to the Father at each and every Mass, drawing on that once and for all Sacrifice, making it present again. We have the fulfillment of Malachi's prediction (even, ironically, in terms of the faulty King James "incense" translation!); do you? Does Christ the High Priest drink the cup with you at your grape juice and saltine "services"?:

Will eating your grape juice and crackers unworthily make you sick and possibly die? How do you make sense of Paul's words to the Corinthians?

But "the Spirit quickeneth and the flesh profiteth nothing"!

Some Protestants claim that this part of John 6, "It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing" proves that Jesus was speaking only symbolically. But how can He mean BOTH

How can both of these verses be true if understood in the sense that Protestants understand them? Is He schizophrenic? A liar? A contradicter of His own words? Did He change His mind in between verses 58 and 63?

Whom was Christ addressing when He spoke those words? That section of the chapter begins (verse 24) with our Lord saying

The crowd then goes on to ask for manna -- and what did manna do? It physically kept the Israelites alive. It was a non-salvific, non-grace transmitting Heaven-sent bread given for physical sustenance. By saying to His disciples that the "Spirit gives life, the flesh profiteth nothing," He is not saying the His flesh is not meat indeed (which He DEFINITELY goes on to say); He is admonishing those who only want a bellyful and who think only carnally instead of seeing things spiritually and seeking life everlasting. He is admonishing those who care more for their earthly pleasures than heeding His words, "he that eateth of this bread shall live for ever."

Here is what St. John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople (A.D. 347-407) says about the verse:

See also What the Earliest Christians Wrote About the Eucharist,
and "The Order of Melchisedech," a sermon by St. Ambrose (A.D. 340-397)

But -- how can any of this be? We are the priesthood of believers!
We can't possibly need some ordained priesthood to confect the Eucharist!

Some people are so turned-off by the idea of there existing a religious hierarchy, any sort of authority, that they reject the idea of the necessity of an ordained priesthood out of hand. These sorts of people often go on negatively about "organized religion," talking about how they're "spiritual, but not religious" or, if Christian, about how all they need is their Bibles. Some Christians talk about "the priesthood of believers" and how such a "fraternity" renders the ordained priesthood unnecessary.

The Catholic Church teaches that yes, Christians are members of what Catholics call the "royal priesthood" and what Protestants call "the priesthood of believers," no doubt. But the Church knows that so, too, were the ancient Israelites:

Exodus 19:6
And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel.

This Old Testament-era nation of priests still had their Aaronic priesthood whose members were the only ones allowed to offer certain sacrifices. The Aaronic priesthood was based on genetic succession; it descended from Aaron, through his sons, and their sons after them. The priesthood of the New Covenant, having changed (Hebrews 7:11-12), is based on Apostolic succession. Every validly ordained Catholic priest has been made a priest by the laying on of hands: he has been ordained by a bishop who's been ordained by a bishop who's been ordained by a bishop...who, ultimately, going back two millennia, was ordained by the Apostles who were ordained by Christ.

And if you just can't stand the idea of hierarchy and think that blurring the distinctions between the royal priesthood and the ordained priesthood is no big deal, consider Jude 1:11 (yup, that's the New Testament, folks):

Woe to them! For they have gone in the way of Cain, have run greedily in the error of Balaam for profit, and perished in the rebellion of Korah.

The "issues" with Cain and Balaam are explained in Hebrews 11 and 2 Peter 2, respectively. But who's this "Korah" and why was Jude "woe-ing" those like him? See Numbers 16:3:

They [Korah and company] gathered together against Moses and Aaron, and said to them, "You take too much upon yourselves, for all the congregation is holy, every one of them, and the Lord is among them. Why then do you exalt yourselves above the assembly of the Lord?"

Korah et al knew they were part of the common priesthood but wanted more: they wanted the powers of the ordained and got in Moses' face about it; in their pride, they were offended by the idea of a "priestly class." Moses challenged them to offer incense to God, as do the priests, the next day. They did. And they died.

Jude has warned you -- in the New Testament, after the coming of our Lord Whom many believe didn't come to fulfill the Law but to destroy it. "Why, we're under a doctrine of Grace, and in Him there is neither male nor female and such as that, so that means hiearchy and 'religion' make no sense. All I need is my Bible and the Holy Spirit to interpret it for me; I don't need priests!" Not according to Jude. Not according to the very earliest Christians. Think about it.

Final Notes

It's so sad, and so infuriating, that Catholics are accused of "worshipping bread." Yes, the Blessed Sacrament looks like bread and tastes like bread. If one were to walk into a traditional Catholic Mass (that is, a Mass offered according to pre-Vatican II rubrics), one might think Catholics are crazy as they kneel down when the priest holds up what looks like a "piece of bread" for them to adore. "Why, those Catholics are bread-worshippers! I guess that hunk of dough must be some serious "Wonder Bread" to those idiots, hahaha!" --- but the Creator of the Universe said that it is not bread but His very Flesh, which is meat indeed. What God Almighty, Who made the earth and the moon and stars says, is. Once God, through the priest, has changed the bread and wine into the Body and Blood, they should never, ever be referred to as "bread and wine"; they are the Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity of Christ Jesus. In other words, we don't worship bread; we worship Christ!

It takes the eyes of faith to "see" that the apparent mere bread and wine are truly the Body and Blood of Christ; it takes an intellectual assent to divine revelation, not emotional "feelings" (though one might experience tremendous emotion, too; I've wept out of sheer gratitude to my Savior for humbling Himself for me in such a way at the Mass!). Sometimes one might struggle to "feel" that what appears to be "bread" and "wine" are what He said they are, especially at many modern Masses during which the Body and Blood are so often treated with irreverence. The proper response to doubt, though, is, "Lord, I believe! Help Thou mine unbelief!" (Mark 9:24), not mockery.

Bottom line: one either reads Scripture, listens to the Church, and intellectually assents to what they've taught for two millennia, in spite of one's "feelings," in spite of the accidents (the appearances) of "bread" and "wine," or one doesn't. To those who not only don't, but feel compelled to mock, well, mock on. They scorned Jesus, too. Just know that you are in bad company; many walked away in the 1st century, too, when hearing these "hard sayings":

John 6:58, 60, 66
This is that bread which came down from heaven: not as your fathers did eat manna, and are dead: he that eateth of this bread shall live for ever... Many therefore of his disciples, when they had heard this, said, This is an hard saying; who can hear it?... From that time many of his disciples went back, and walked no more with him.

2 John 1:7
For many deceivers are entered into the world, who confess not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh. This is a deceiver and an antichrist.

Footnote:
¹ Note: most fascinating, and relevant to the common Protestant accusations of Catholics "re-crucifiying" Jesus and denying the efficacy of His once and for all sacrifice at Golgotha, is the Seder practice of quoting from the Haggada, " v'hi sh'amda l'avoteinu... sheb'chol dor v'dor omdim aleinu l'chaloteinu...," that is: the Israelites' national redemption was not only a "one-time historical event" but perpetual in every generation. See http://www.tanach.org/special/pesach/shiur3.htm

² The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1917, in its entry for "Archaeology of the Cross and Crucifix," notes that microsopic analysis of relics of the Cross (taken to Rome by Constantine's mother, Helena) were found to be of pine; cedar is of the pine family. Cedar, too, is mentioned all throughout the Bible as a building material, including for the building of the Temple itself, and in more poetic terms, such as in Psalm 104:16-17 "The trees of the LORD are full of sap; the cedars of Lebanon, which he hath planted; Where the birds make their nests: as for the stork, the fir trees are her house."

A part of the titulus -- the sign with the words "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew -- that is kept in the Church of San Croce in Rome, is made of a type of walnut. The other half of the titulus was kept in Jerusalem, but was lost when Jerusalem, then Christian, was sacked by Jews and Persians in the 7th century. It may have survived that sacking as there is mention that it was seen at Sainte Chapelle in Paris, having been bought by King Louis IX (St. Louis) from Constantinople, where it was stored away after it was saved from the Jerusalem wreckage. If this is the case, that second half was destroyed during the French Revolution.

Relevant Scripture

Genesis 14:18-20
And Melchizedek king of Salem [ie, Jerusalem] brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God. And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth: And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him tithes of all.

Exodus 12:1-14
And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt saying, This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you. Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house: And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb. Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats: And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening. And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it. And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof. And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire. And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD's passover. For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD. And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever.

Exodus 12:24
An altar of earth thou shalt make unto me, and shalt sacrifice thereon thy burnt offerings, and thy peace offerings, thy sheep, and thine oxen: in all places where I record my name I will come unto thee, and I will bless thee.

Exodus 19:6
And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel. [Note that the "priesthood of the people" did not obviate the need for Temple priests!]

Exodus 16:15
And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, It is manna: for they wist not what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which the LORD hath given you to eat.

Exodus 24:8
And Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said, Behold the blood of the covenant, which the LORD hath made with you concerning all these words. [see Matthew 26:28]

Leviticus 7:11-15
And this is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which he shall offer unto the LORD. If he offer it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mingled with oil, of fine flour, fried. Besides the cakes, he shall offer for his offering leavened bread with the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings. And of it he shall offer one out of the whole oblation for an heave offering unto the LORD, and it shall be the priest's that sprinkleth the blood of the peace offerings. And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten the same day that it is offered; he shall not leave any of it until the morning.

Leviticus 23:12-13
And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the LORD. And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin.

Leviticus 24:5-9
And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes thereof: two tenth deals shall be in one cake. And thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure table before the LORD. And thou shalt put pure frankincense upon each row, that it may be on the bread for a memorial, even an offering made by fire unto the LORD. Every sabbath he shall set it in order before the LORD continually, being taken from the children of Israel by an everlasting covenant. And it shall be Aaron's and his sons'; and they shall eat it in the holy place: for it is most holy unto him of the offerings of the LORD made by fire by a perpetual statute.

1 Kings 7:48
And Solomon made all the vessels that pertained unto the house of the LORD: the altar of gold, and the table of gold, whereupon the shewbread was

2 Chronicles 2:4 2
[And Solomon sent to Huram the king of Tyre, saying...] Behold, I build an house to the name of the LORD my God, to dedicate it to him, and to burn before him sweet incense, and for the continual shewbread, and for the burnt offerings morning and evening, on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the solemn feasts of the LORD our God. This is an ordinance for ever to Israel.

Psalm 51:17
The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit: a broken and a contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise.

Psalm 110:4
The LORD hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek.

Isaiah 66:18-21
For I know their works and their thoughts: it shall come, that I will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall come, and see my glory. And I will set a sign among them, and I will send those that escape of them unto the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, that draw the bow, to Tubal, and Javan, to the isles afar off, that have not heard my fame, neither have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the Gentiles. And they shall bring all your brethren for an offering unto the LORD out of all nations upon horses, and in chariots, and in litters, and upon mules, and upon swift beasts, to my holy mountain Jerusalem, saith the LORD, as the children of Israel bring an offering in a clean vessel into the house of the LORD. And I will also take of them for priests and for Levites, saith the LORD. [priests and Levites -- those specially ordained to the priesthood]

Malachi 1:10-11
Who is there even among you that would shut the doors for nought? neither do ye kindle fire on mine altar for nought. I have no pleasure in you, saith the Lord of hosts, neither will I accept an offering at your hand. For from the rising of the sun even unto the going down of the same my name shall be great among the Gentiles; and in every place incense shall be offered unto my name, and a PURE OFFERING: for my name shall be great among the heathen, saith the Lord of hosts.

Matthew 26:28
For this is my blood of the new testament [NKJV, RSV, NIV, NASB, etc.: "covenant"], which is shed for many for the remission of sins. [see Exodus 24:8]

Luke 22:19
This IS my body which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me. [Note: the word used here for "remembrance" is "anamnesis," which is used exclusively to refer to sacrifices in the Old Testament: Leviticus 2:2, 9,16; 5:12; 6:15; 24:7; Numbers 5:26; 10:10 -- and in the New Testament: Luke 22:19; 1 Corinthians 11:24-25; Hebrews 10:3. This is in contradistinction to the word "anamimnesko," used in Genesis 8:1; 41:9; Exodus 23:13; 2 Samuel 18:18, etc., and which refers not to a sacrificial re-presenting, but to a mere memorial Both Greek words are used together in Numbers 10:9-10 -- verses which clearly distinguish between the two words and which show that Luke 22:10 refers to a true sacrifice.)

John 1:29
The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.

John 6:32-36
Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Moses gave you not that bread from heaven; but my Father giveth you the true bread from heaven. For the bread of God is he which cometh down from heaven, and giveth life unto the world. Then said they unto him, Lord, evermore give us this bread. And Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me shall never thirst. But I said unto you, That ye also have seen me, and believe not.

John 6:51-69
I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world. The Jews therefore strove among themselves, saying, How can this man give us his flesh to eat? Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life in you. Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, dwelleth in me, and I in him. As the living Father hath sent me, and I live by the Father: so he that eateth me, even he shall live by me. This is that bread which came down from heaven: not as your fathers did eat manna, and are dead: he that eateth of this bread shall live for ever. These things said he in the synagogue, as he taught in Capernaum. Many therefore of his disciples, when they had heard this, said, This is an hard saying; who can hear it? When Jesus knew in himself that his disciples murmured at it, he said unto them, Doth this offend you? What and if ye shall see the Son of man ascend up where he was before? It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, they are spirit, and they are life. But there are some of you that believe not. For Jesus knew from the beginning who they were that believed not, and who should betray him. And he said, Therefore said I unto you, that no man can come unto me, except it were given unto him of my Father. From that time many of his disciples went back, and walked no more with him. Then said Jesus unto the twelve, Will ye also go away? Then Simon Peter answered him, Lord, to whom shall we go? thou hast the words of eternal life. And we believe and are sure that thou art that Christ, the Son of the living God.

Acts 2:42
And they continued steadfastly in the apostles' doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in prayers.

1 Corinthians 10
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?

I Corinthians 11:23-30
For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, that the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread: And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, this cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come. Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body. For this cause many are weak and sickly among you, and many sleep. [Note: eating a "symbol" unworthily would bring damnation on one's self and make one guilty of the body and blood of Christ? Only Catholic theology makes sense of these verses! Also note that the the use of "and" in "he that eateth and drinketh unworthily" is King James usage. St. Jerome's Vulgate, the Douay-Reims, New King James Version, NIV, NASB, NLT, ESV, ASV, etc., all use the proper "or" -- "vel" in Latin. This is important because it shows clearly that the "bread" and "wine" each become the Body and Blood of our Lord because eating or drinking unworthily makes one guilty of both. This is why one can receive Christ entirely by consuming either.]

Hebrews 2:16-17
For verily he took not on him the nature of angels; but he took on him the seed of Abraham. Wherefore in all things it behoved him to be made like unto his brethren, that he might be a merciful and faithful high priest in things pertaining to God, to make reconciliation for the sins of the people.

Hebrews 3:1
Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus

Hebrews 4:14
Seeing then that we have a great high priest, that is passed into the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our profession.

Hebrews 5:1-10
For every high priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins: Who can have compassion on the ignorant, and on them that are out of the way; for that he himself also is compassed with infirmity. And by reason hereof he ought, as for the people, so also for himself, to offer for sins. And no man taketh this honour unto himself, but he that is called of God, as was Aaron. So also Christ glorified not himself to be made an high priest; but he that said unto him, Thou art my Son, to day have I begotten thee. As he saith also in another place, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec. Who in the days of his flesh, when he had offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears unto him that was able to save him from death, and was heard in that he feared; Though he were a Son, yet learned he obedience by the things which he suffered; And being made perfect, he became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him; Called of God an high priest after the order of Melchisedec.

Hebrews 6:17-20
Wherein God, willing more abundantly to shew unto the heirs of promise the immutability of his counsel, confirmed it by an oath: That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us: Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast, and which entereth into that within the veil; Whither the forerunner is for us entered, even Jesus, made an high priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec. [RSV: So when God desired to show more convincingly to the heirs of the promise the unchangeable character of his purpose, he interposed with an oath, so that through two unchangeable things, in which it is impossible that God should prove false, we who have fled for refuge might have strong encouragement to seize the hope set before us. We have this as a sure and steadfast anchor of the soul, a hope that enters into the inner shrine behind the curtain, where Jesus has gone as a forerunner on our behalf, having become a high priest for ever after the order of Melchiz'edek.]

Hebrews 7:11-12
If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it the people received the law,) what further need was there that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be called after the order of Aaron? For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law. [Note: "for the priesthood being changed," not eradicated!]

Hebrews 7:24-28
But this man, because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood. Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them. For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens; Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself. For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, maketh the Son, who is consecrated for evermore.

Hebrews 9:22-24
And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission. It was therefore necessary that the patterns of things in the heavens should be purified with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, which are the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us [NIV: "It was necessary, then, for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these."; YLT: "[It is] necessary, therefore, the pattern indeed of the things in the heavens to be purified with these, and the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these." In other words, sacrifices -- plural -- are still necessary.]

Hebrews 9:28
So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation. [Yes, His death on the Cross was once and for all, but His offering of Himself is eternal, or else He could not be a "priest after the order of Melchizedek." The Mass is an unbloody sacrifice!]

Hebrews 13:10
We have an altar, whereof they have no right to eat which serve the tabernacle. [an altar indicates sacrifices!]

1 Peter 2:5
Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ.

1 Peter 2:9-10
But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light; Which in time past were not a people, but are now the people of God: which had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.

Revelation 1:6
And hath made us kings and priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen.

Revelation 2:17
He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it.

Revelation 5:6-8
And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne and of the four beasts, and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent forth into all the earth. And he came and took the book out of the right hand of him that sat upon the throne. And when he had taken the book, the four beasts and four and twenty elders fell down before the Lamb, having every one of them harps, and golden vials full of odours, which are the prayers of saints.

Revelation 5:10
And hast made us unto our God kings and priests: and we shall reign on the earth.

Revelation 20:6
Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.

The Eucharist

Old Testament Sacrifices

Christ's Once and For All Historical Sacrifice
Brings Together all the Old Testament Korbanot

But "the Spirit quickeneth and the flesh profiteth nothing"!

But -- how can any of this be? We are the priesthood of believers!
We can't possibly need some ordained priesthood to confect the Eucharist!

Final Notes

Relevant Scripture

Further Reading

The Eucharist

Old Testament Sacrifices

Christ's Once and For All Historical Sacrifice Brings Together all the Old Testament Korbanot

But "the Spirit quickeneth and the flesh profiteth nothing"!

But -- how can any of this be? We are the priesthood of believers! We can't possibly need some ordained priesthood to confect the Eucharist!

Final Notes

Relevant Scripture

Further Reading

Christ's Once and For All Historical Sacrifice
Brings Together all the Old Testament Korbanot

But -- how can any of this be? We are the priesthood of believers!
We can't possibly need some ordained priesthood to confect the Eucharist!